Metüülbroomiid

Metüülbroomiid, known in English as methyl bromide (CH3Br), is a simple halomethane that has been widely used as a fumigant. It is a volatile, colorless gas at room temperature and has historically been employed to control a broad range of pests in soils, stored commodities, and quarantine or pre-shipment contexts. Its effectiveness against insects, nematodes, fungi, and other pests contributed to its extensive use in agriculture and pest management.

In terms of production and properties, methyl bromide is produced industrially from chemical precursors such as methanol and hydrobromic acid. It is highly toxic to humans and animals at relatively low concentrations and can cause severe health effects with inhalation or skin contact. Environmentally, methyl bromide is a potent ozone-depleting substance, and its emission and use have become a major regulatory concern. It is heavier than air and can accumulate in low-lying areas, increasing exposure risk in enclosed spaces.

Regulatory status has changed substantially since its peak usage. Under international accords, many countries have phased out most non-quarantine uses of methyl bromide and have placed strict controls on its production and application. Quarantine and pre-shipment uses are often permitted under essential-use provisions, subject to permit systems and monitoring.

Metüülbroomiid remains a relevant example of how agricultural chemicals can balance pest control needs with environmental protection and public health concerns. Further reading on methyl bromide covers its regulatory history, health risks, and ongoing alternatives in pest management.