Metalwork

Metalwork is the craft and trade of shaping metal to create objects and structures. It covers decorative and functional work, from ornamental gates and jewelry to tools, machinery, and architectural components. The practice has ancient roots in metallurgy and evolved through the Bronze Age and Iron Age as smelting, alloying, and forming techniques were developed.

Techniques and processes include forging, where heated metal is hammered into shape; casting, which uses molds to form objects from molten metal; and welding and soldering, which join pieces. Metal forming encompasses rolling, extrusion, and stamping. Finishing and treatment methods such as annealing, tempering, polishing, patination, and plating adjust properties and appearance. Fabrication often combines multiple methods.

Materials and tools commonly used are iron and steel, aluminum, copper and its alloys (bronze and brass), and sometimes tin and titanium. Traditional tools include forges, anvils, hammers, tongs, and vises, along with saws, drills, dies, and kilns. Modern metalwork relies on computer numerical control machines, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and robotic welding.

Applications and types span construction hardware, cookware, household objects, jewelry, sculpture, and architectural metalwork, as well as industrial components for machinery, vehicles, and infrastructure. Subfields include blacksmithing, sheet-metal work, metal casting, and metal sculpture.

Modern practice combines artisanal craftsmanship with industrial techniques. Safety, quality control, standards compliance, and sustainability are central concerns, while digital fabrication and advanced manufacturing expand capabilities in both studios and fabrication shops.