Merlu

Merlu, commonly known as hake, refers to several species of fish in the genus Merluccius. The European hake Merluccius merluccius is the most important commercial species in European waters; other commercially important hake species include Pacific hake Merluccius productus, South African hake Merluccius capensis, and Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi. Hake are elongated, slender fish with a silver-grey body and a pale belly, and a dark lateral line. They have two dorsal fins, a long anal fin, and a forked tail. They occupy continental shelves and upper slopes, from shallow coastal waters to several hundred meters depth, often on muddy or sandy bottoms.

Biology and ecology: Hake feed on smaller fish and crustaceans. They reach reproductive maturity after a few years (varying by species) and spawn pelagic eggs during warmer months. Lifespan ranges widely, with some species living several decades.

Fisheries and human uses: Hake are among the world's most commercially exploited fishes. They are caught mainly by bottom trawls and longlines. They are sold fresh, frozen, or filleted and traded globally. Stock status varies by species and region; some stocks are well managed with quotas and size limits, while others remain of concern.

Conservation and management: Stock assessments by regional fisheries management organizations and national authorities guide management; sustainable practices include gear restrictions, bycatch reduction, and monitoring of landings.