Membranebygge

Membranebygge refers to construction that employs thin, flexible membranes as primary structural elements or building envelopes. The approach encompasses tensile membrane structures, where the membrane is stretched and pre-tensioned over a support framework, and air-supported or pneumatically stabilized forms, where internal pressure helps maintain shape. Membrane buildings are valued for their lightweight, large-span capabilities and potential for abundant natural daylight.

Materials commonly used include ETFE and PTFE-coated fiberglass or polyester fabrics, as well as PVC-coated polyester. Membranes can be single-layer or multi-layer, and may incorporate inflatable cushions for insulation or load-bearing purposes. Typical configurations combine membranes with masts, cables, rings, or pneumatic supports to form roofs, canopies, walls, or entire pavilions.

Design considerations involve structural behavior under wind, snow, and temperature changes; pre-tensioning levels; connection details and edge anchorage; damage repair and maintenance; and, where insulation is needed, systems such as multi-layer diaphragms or secondary envelopes. Longevity, weather resistance, and cleaning requirements influence material choice and protective coatings.

History and development trace to 20th-century pioneers of lightweight architecture, notably Frei Otto, who advanced tensile and membrane concepts for large-span structures. Since then, membrane construction has been applied in stadiums, airports, exhibition halls, shopping centers, and greenhouse facilities, as well as temporary pavilions and climate-responsive buildings.

Advantages of membranebygge include rapid erection, minimal supporting structure, daylighting, and architecturally expressive forms. Disadvantages can include higher maintenance costs, vulnerability to tears, insulation challenges, and dependence on precise detailing for performance.