Melolonthids

Melolonthids are a subfamily of scarab beetles, commonly known as chafers or June bugs. They belong to the family Scarabaeidae, which is one of the largest families of beetles. Melolonthids are found worldwide, with the greatest diversity in tropical regions.

Adult melolonthids are typically stout-bodied insects with a distinctive lamellate antenna, which consists of several flattened segments that can be fanned out. Their coloration varies widely, from dull brown and black to metallic green and red. Adults are most active during the warmer months, often emerging in swarms at dusk. They are known for their relatively clumsy flight.

The life cycle of melolonthids involves complete metamorphosis, with egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. The larvae, known as white grubs, are C-shaped and live in the soil. They feed on plant roots, which can cause significant damage to lawns, gardens, and agricultural crops. The larval stage can last for several years, depending on the species and environmental conditions. Once mature, the grub pupates in the soil and then emerges as an adult beetle.

While some adult melolonthids feed on nectar or pollen, many do not feed at all, relying on reserves built up during the larval stage. The primary impact of melolonthids on human interests comes from their larval stage, which can be considered agricultural pests. Control methods often focus on managing the grub population in the soil.