MeloidogyneNematoden

MeloidogyneNematoden refers to plant-parasitic nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne, commonly known as root-knot nematodes. They are among the most damaging agricultural pests, infecting a broad range of crops and ornamentals worldwide.

Taxonomy and notable species: They belong to family Meloidogynidae, order Tylenchida. The genus includes numerous species, of which M. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, and M. hapla are among the most economically important.

Biology and life cycle: These nematodes are sedentary endoparasites of roots. The second-stage juvenile (J2) is the infective stage; upon entering roots they establish feeding sites that induce hypertrophied plant cells, forming galls or knots. Females enlarge and lay eggs; reproduction can be sexual or apomictic in some species.

Host range and symptoms: They attack many crops, including tomato, potato, cotton, pepper, cucumber, and many fruits. Root galls lead to reduced water and nutrient uptake, stunting, wilting, and yield losses. Infected plants are more susceptible to other stresses and pathogens.

Management and detection: Integrated strategies include crop rotation with non-hosts, use of resistant cultivars, soil solarization, and biological controls such as Pasteuria penetrans and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Chemical nematicides are used selectively and subject to regulation. Detection relies on soil and root sampling, staining, and molecular assays to identify species.

Distribution and research: MeloidogyneNematoden has a cosmopolitan distribution, especially in warm temperate and tropical regions. Genomic data for several species aid diagnostics and the development of resistant crops, contributing to integrated pest management.