Mecanica

Mecanica is the branch of physics and engineering that studies motion, forces, energies, and the behavior of physical systems under interaction. It covers the analysis of bodies at rest and in motion, and the transfer and conversion of energy.

Classical mechanics deals with the laws of motion articulated by Newton, along with alternative formalisms such as Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. It includes statics, dynamics, kinematics, and energy methods, and extends to continuum mechanics, which treats solids and fluids as continuous media, as well as rigid-body mechanics for rotating and translating bodies.

Quantum mechanics describes the behavior of matter and radiation at atomic and subatomic scales, using wave functions and probabilities to predict outcomes. In regimes of high speed or strong gravity, relativistic mechanics modifies Newtonian predictions through special and general relativity. Statistical mechanics connects microscopic states with macroscopic properties by employing statistical ensembles, providing bridges to thermodynamics and phase behavior.

Applications of mecanica span engineering, robotics, aerospace, civil engineering, biomechanics, and materials science. Practically, it combines theoretical models with experiments and numerical methods. Computational mechanics employs techniques such as finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics to simulate complex systems, enabling prediction, design optimization, and risk assessment.

Historically, mecanica traces from ancient mindsets through the work of Galileo and Newton to modern mathematical and computational developments. It provides a framework for understanding and predicting physical behavior, supporting technology, science, and applied disciplines across a wide range of problems.