Matweaving

Matweaving is the craft of creating mats by interlacing fibers into a flat, flexible surface. It is practiced worldwide using a wide range of materials, including natural plant fibers such as reed, rush, straw, sisal, jute, raffia, and palm, as well as synthetic fibers like polypropylene and other polymers. Mats are woven on simple looms, backstrap looms, or by hand in flat or tubular forms, and patterns can range from plain weave to decorative motifs produced by color changes or specialized techniques such as twill, plaiting, or coiling.

The resulting mats serve multiple functions, including floor coverings, seating mats, wall hangings, storage mats, and ceremonial or ritual uses. The processes are often tailored to local resources and climatic conditions, with different regions favoring specific fibers and weaving styles. Mats can be produced in small family workshops or larger cooperative settings, providing livelihoods in rural and urban communities alike.

Cultural significance is a key aspect of matweaving in many traditions. The craft is typically taught across generations, preserving techniques and patterns that may carry symbolic meanings or regional identity. In addition to daily utility, mats can play roles in ceremonies, hospitality practices, and marketplace exchanges, contributing to local economies and cultural heritage.

Contemporary matweaving blends traditional methods with modern design. Developments include machine-assisted techniques, blended natural and synthetic fibers, and designs that meet interior- and exterior-design demands, while many makers continue to emphasize handmade quality and sustainable materials.