Materjalikäitlemine

Materjalikäitlemine, commonly translated as materials handling, refers to the movement, protection, storage, and control of materials and products throughout manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. It encompasses a wide range of manual and automated equipment and systems used to achieve these objectives. The primary goal of effective materials handling is to reduce costs, improve efficiency, enhance safety, and optimize the use of space and resources within an operation.

The field of materials handling is diverse and includes various categories of equipment. These include industrial trucks, such as forklifts and pallet jacks, used for moving loads over short distances. Conveyor systems, both belt and roller types, are employed for continuous movement of goods along a fixed path. Cranes and hoists are utilized for lifting and moving heavy items vertically and horizontally. Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) represent a more advanced solution for high-density storage and rapid access to inventory. Storage and retrieval equipment, including racks and shelving, are fundamental for organizing and storing materials efficiently.

Good materials handling practices are crucial for a smooth supply chain. They minimize damage to goods, prevent accidents, and ensure timely delivery. The design and implementation of materials handling systems often involve careful consideration of factors such as product characteristics, facility layout, throughput requirements, and economic feasibility. Continuous innovation in this field aims to integrate technologies like robotics, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to further automate and optimize material flow.