forklifts

Forklifts, or powered industrial trucks, are motorized vehicles used to lift, carry, and place heavy loads in warehouses, factories, and distribution centers. They are characterized by a vertical mast, a horizontal carriage, two or more forks, and a counterweight at the rear to maintain stability when lifting loads.

A typical forklift raises loads via a hydraulic system that moves the carriage along a mast. The forks slide into or under pallets or other load units, allowing the operator to raise them to required heights for stacking or placement. Many forklifts have adjustable forks, attached accessories, and tires suited to their operating environment.

Power sources vary. Electric forklifts use rechargeable batteries and are common indoors for clean, quiet operation. Internal combustion models run on propane, diesel, or gasoline and are preferred for outdoor use or heavy-duty tasks. Some hybrids and specialized drives exist.

Common configurations include counterbalanced forklifts for general material handling, reach trucks and very narrow aisle (VNA) trucks for dense warehouses, and order pickers designed to lift operators to pallet heights. There are both ride-on and pedestrian-operated variants, with loads typically ranging from about 1 to several tons depending on model.

Warehousing, manufacturing, and construction are typical settings. Operators must be trained and certified in many jurisdictions, and forklifts require regular inspection and maintenance. Safe operation includes securing loads, maintaining visibility, observing speed limits, and using seat belts and horns.

Forklifts were developed in the early to mid-20th century and became widespread during the postwar era. Today they are essential tools in modern logistics, enabling efficient material handling and supply chain operations.