Materiaalaanalyse

Materiaalaanalyse is the systematic examination of materials to determine their composition, microstructure, properties, and performance under specific conditions. It covers metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and hybrids, and supports decisions throughout product life cycles from development to failure analysis.

Analytical methods are broadly categorized as destructive and non-destructive. Non-destructive techniques include X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for bulk composition, optical and electron microscopy for structure, and surface analysis methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Destructive methods include chemical analysis by ICP-OES/MS, FTIR spectroscopy for organic components, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mechanical tests like tensile, hardness, and impact testing.

The typical workflow involves defining objectives, selecting appropriate methods, preparing samples, acquiring data, interpreting results, and reporting with uncertainties and limitations. Standards from ISO, ASTM, and other bodies guide procedures and enable comparability and quality control.

Applications include material selection, process optimization, quality control, failure analysis, and sustainability assessments such as recyclability and life-cycle evaluation.