Mastomys

Mastomys is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, native to sub-Saharan Africa. Members of this genus are commonly known as multimammate rats or multimammate mice, a name derived from the high number of mammary glands in females, which supports rapid litter production.

The genus comprises several species, including Mastomys natalensis (the Natal multimammate rat), Mastomys erythroleucus (the white-bellied multimammate mouse), and Mastomys coucha (the African multimammate mouse). Other species occur in different regions and habitats.

Description and characteristics: These are medium-sized, robust rodents with soft fur that ranges in color from gray to brown. They have tails that are typically as long as or longer than their body length. The name multimammate reflects their relatively large number of mammary glands, which facilitates high reproductive output.

Ecology and behavior: Mastomys species are omnivorous and highly adaptable, occupying open habitats, savannas, farmland, and often areas near human settlements. They tend to form loose social groups, breed year-round in warm environments, and produce large litters. Gestation is around 21–23 days, with litter sizes commonly ranging from several to over a dozen pups.

Importance and impact: These rodents are agricultural pests, capable of damaging crops and stored grains. They are also reservoirs for pathogens, including Lassa virus in the case of M. natalensis, contributing to public health considerations and control efforts.

Conservation: Across their ranges, Mastomys species are generally not considered threatened, though some populations may be locally uncommon due to habitat loss or intensive control in agricultural areas.