Manuaalide

Manuaalide is a term found in Estonian-language organ literature. It is the genitive plural form of manuaalid, meaning “the keyboards” or “manuals” of a keyboard instrument, most often a pipe organ. In English-language sources the same concept is usually referred to as the manuals or the keyboards of an organ. The manuals are played with the hands, while the pedalboard is played with the feet.

Organ configurations commonly include two to four manuals. A typical setup might feature a Great manual and a Swell manual, sometimes with a Choir or Positive division. On larger instruments, each manual controls a separate division of pipes, and couplers can link manuals so that a single keyboard can sound multiple divisions. Stops and registration determine the timbre for each manual.

Playing technique involves selecting a manual for a passage, managing different registrations, and often switching between manuals to create contrast. The pedalboard carries the bass line, but on some pieces the manuals carry the melody and inner parts. In modern contexts, electronic or digital organs retain multiple manuals and simulate coupled or stacked configurations.

See also organ, organ stop, keyboard instrument, coupler, registration.