Malinke

Malinke, also spelled Mandinke or Mandingo in English, are a West African ethnic group belonging to the Mande peoples. They are primarily found in Mali and Guinea, with sizable communities in The Gambia, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, and surrounding areas. Estimates of population vary, but the Malinke constitute one of the largest Mande-speaking groups in the region.

Language and identity: The Malinke speak Mandinka (also Mandinko), a Mande language with several dialects. Mandinka is widely used in daily communication and in cultural and traditional ceremonies.

History: Historically, the Malinke played a central role in West Africa through the Mali Empire (c. 1230–1600), founded by Sundiata Keita. The empire controlled trans-Saharan trade routes and helped spread Islam. Mansa Musa, one of its most famous rulers, expanded Mali’s wealth and influence. In the 19th century Malinke polities participated in regional resistance, including Samori Ture’s Wassoulou Empire.

Culture: The Malinke have a rich oral tradition maintained by griots (jeli), who are hereditary musicians, storytellers, and historians. They perform with instruments such as the kora, ngoni, and balafon and play key roles in ceremonies, weddings, and political events. Traditional social life emphasizes extended family and lineage.

Religion and contemporary life: Today most Malinke are Muslim, often with local practices integrated into daily life. Some communities retain traditional beliefs or syncretic practices. In the modern era Malinke communities are present across West Africa and in the diaspora, contributing to music, arts, and cultural exchange.