Makulopatia

Makulopatia refers to damage or degeneration of the macula, the small, central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This condition significantly affects the ability to see fine details, read, and recognize faces. There are several types of makulopatia, with the most common being age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

AMD is typically classified into two forms: dry and wet. Dry AMD is more prevalent and progresses gradually, characterized by the buildup of yellow deposits called drusen in the macula. Over time, these deposits can lead to thinning of the macular tissue. Wet AMD is less common but often causes more rapid vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, distorting vision.

Other causes of makulopatia can include diabetes (diabetic macular edema), inherited retinal diseases, inflammation, injury, or certain medications. Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity but commonly include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty seeing in dim light, and reduced color perception.

Diagnosis usually involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, a dilated eye exam to view the retina, and specialized imaging tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and type of makulopatia. For dry AMD, there is no cure, but nutritional supplements may slow progression. For wet AMD, treatments like anti-VEGF injections aim to stop abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Early detection and management are crucial to preserve vision as much as possible.