Lääkeallergiat

Lääkeallergiat refer to adverse reactions to medications that are mediated by the immune system. These reactions can range from mild skin rashes to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis. Unlike side effects, which are predictable and dose-dependent, allergic reactions are often unpredictable and can occur even with very small doses of the offending drug.

The immune system mistakenly identifies a component of the medication, or its metabolic product, as a foreign invader. This triggers a cascade of immune responses. Common symptoms include hives, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, wheezing, and gastrointestinal distress. In severe cases, a condition called anaphylaxis can occur, characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and loss of consciousness.

Diagnosing lääkeallergiat typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes specific allergy testing. Skin prick tests and intradermal tests can help identify IgE-mediated allergies. However, these tests are not always definitive, and a drug challenge, where the medication is administered under close medical supervision, may be necessary.

The primary management of lääkeallergiat is avoidance of the causative agent. Patients diagnosed with a drug allergy should be educated about the medication to avoid and wear medical alert jewelry. If a medication is absolutely necessary and an alternative is not available, desensitization protocols can be employed under strict medical supervision. While some drug allergies may resolve over time, others can persist lifelong.