Láz

Láz, commonly translated as fever, is a rise in body temperature above the normal range, typically defined as a measured temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher. It is a common symptom of many illnesses and reflects the body's immune response to infection or other stressors. Fever results from pyrogens that act on the hypothalamus, raising the body’s set-point and producing heat generation and later cooling as the return to normal occurs.

Causes are broad and include infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, fungal), inflammatory or autoimmune conditions, malignancies, adverse drug reactions, and heat exposure. Fevers can be acute, lasting a few days, or persistent, occurring repeatedly or for longer periods. Age, immune status, and comorbidities influence presentation and risk.

Clinical assessment involves accurate temperature measurement, evaluation of accompanying symptoms (such as cough, rash, abdominal pain), duration, and risk factors. Red flags for urgent evaluation include signs of meningitis or sepsis, severe headache with neck stiffness, confusion, difficulty breathing, persistent vomiting, dehydration, or a fever lasting several days without improvement in high-risk individuals (infants, elderly, or those with compromised immunity).

Management focuses on treating the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms. Most fevers do not require antipyretants, but medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can reduce fever and discomfort. Adequate hydration and rest are advised; aspirin is generally avoided in children. Prognosis depends on the underlying condition and patient factors; most fevers resolve with appropriate care.