Lábdeformitások

Lábdeformitások refer to a range of conditions affecting the structure and function of the foot and ankle. These can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired due to injury, disease, or repetitive stress. Common types include flatfoot (pes planus), where the arch of the foot is reduced or absent, and high arch (pes cavus), characterized by an excessively pronounced arch.

Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is a significant congenital deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward. Other common deformities include bunions (hallux valgus), a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, and hammertoes, where a toe is bent in a claw-like shape. Plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot, can also lead to significant pain and altered gait, sometimes considered a functional deformity.

The causes of lábdeformitások are varied. Congenital forms may result from genetic factors or developmental issues in the womb. Acquired deformities can arise from conditions like arthritis, diabetes (leading to diabetic foot deformities), neurological disorders, or trauma. Improper footwear, overuse, and obesity can also contribute to or exacerbate these conditions.

Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, difficulty walking or standing, and visible changes in the foot's shape. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging studies such as X-rays. Treatment strategies depend on the specific deformity, its severity, and the individual's symptoms. Options range from conservative measures like orthotic inserts, specialized footwear, physical therapy, and pain management to surgical interventions for more severe or persistent cases. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial for improving function and preventing further complications.