Luftgapped

Luftgapped refers to a computer system or network that is physically isolated from other systems, particularly those connected to the internet. This isolation is achieved by ensuring there is no direct or indirect network connection between the air-gapped system and any external network. The term "luftgapped" is a German loanword, meaning "air-gapped."

The primary purpose of a luftgapped system is to enhance security by preventing unauthorized access, malware infections, or data exfiltration. By severing all network links, the system becomes immune to remote attacks that rely on network connectivity. This makes luftgapping a critical security measure for systems that handle highly sensitive information, such as classified government data, critical infrastructure control systems, or financial transaction systems.

Maintaining a luftgap requires strict operational procedures. Data transfer to and from a luftgapped system must be done through physically secured means, such as removable media (e.g., USB drives). These transfers are typically subject to rigorous scanning and authorization processes to prevent the introduction of malware. Accidental or intentional bridging of the air gap can compromise the entire security posture of the system.

While highly effective against network-based threats, luftgapping is not an infallible security solution. Physical access to the system or the use of infected removable media can still pose a risk. Additionally, the inconvenience and operational overhead associated with managing a luftgapped system can be significant. Despite these challenges, luftgapping remains a cornerstone of security for organizations requiring the highest levels of data protection.