Luchtruim

Luchtruim is the Dutch term for airspace—the volume of the atmosphere designated for aviation within a state’s jurisdiction. It encompasses all routes, zones and procedures used for the takeoff, flight, and landing of aircraft, and it is designed to ensure safe and orderly air traffic while respecting national sovereignty.

The regulation of luchtruim follows international standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and is implemented by national aviation authorities. In the Netherlands, air traffic services are provided by Luchtverkeersleiding Nederland (LVNL) within a broader European framework coordinated by EUROCONTROL and governed by EU aviation rules. Similar arrangements exist worldwide, with each country designating authority and procedures for its airspace.

Airspace is generally divided into controlled and uncontrolled portions. Controlled airspace requires air traffic control (ATC) service and separation standards, whereas uncontrolled airspace may permit basic VFR operations with fewer requirements. Many systems use classes A through G to describe levels of control, with Class A to E typically being controlled and Class G being largely uncontrolled. Above certain altitudes, airways, terminal control areas (TMAs) and upper airspace structure formalize routing and sequencing for instrument flight rules (IFR) and, in many regions, for radiotelephony and surveillance requirements.

Temporary or special use airspace, such as restricted or danger areas, military airspace, and drone corridors, can restrict or alter access to luchtruim. Access often requires clearance, authorization, or compliance with specific operational rules.