Losenges

Losenges are solid dosage forms designed to dissolve in the mouth, providing a convenient and often pleasant method for administering medication. They are typically composed of a medicinal substance combined with excipients such as binders, sweeteners, flavoring agents, and disintegrants. The base of a lozenge is usually a sugar or gum mixture, which helps maintain its shape while allowing it to dissolve slowly upon contact with saliva.

Losenges are commonly used for treating conditions affecting the throat, such as sore throats, coughs, and mild infections. They are also employed for delivering medications that act locally in the oral cavity or are absorbed systemically through the mucous membranes. Examples of active ingredients in lozenges include antiseptics, anesthetics, decongestants, and expectorants.

The preparation of lozenges involves mixing the active ingredients with a base material, which is then molded into the desired shape before drying. They are often flavored to enhance palatability, making them particularly suitable for pediatric and geriatric populations. Lozenges should be placed in the mouth and allowed to dissolve gradually, avoiding excessive chewing or swallowing whole to ensure proper medication release.

Unlike tablets or capsules, lozenges do not require water for administration, which increases compliance, especially for patients who may have difficulty swallowing. However, they may not be suitable for individuals with certain conditions, such as severe dry mouth or difficulty dissolving substances in the mouth. Proper storage in a cool, dry place is recommended to maintain their efficacy and prevent degradation.