Lisämunuaiskriisi

Lisämunuaiskriisi, also known as an adrenal crisis or Addisonian crisis, is a life-threatening medical emergency that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough corticosteroid hormones. These hormones, primarily cortisol and aldosterone, are essential for regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and the body's response to stress.

The condition typically arises in individuals with Addison's disease, which is a chronic adrenal insufficiency, or in those with adrenal insufficiency who experience an acute stressor. Such stressors can include infections, trauma, surgery, or severe illness. The body's increased demand for corticosteroids during these events overwhelms the limited supply, leading to a sudden and severe drop in hormone levels.

Symptoms of lisämunuaiskriisi can develop rapidly and include extreme fatigue, weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, and a sudden drop in blood pressure. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, particularly low sodium and high potassium, are also common. Without prompt medical intervention, the crisis can lead to shock, coma, and even death.

Treatment involves immediate intravenous administration of corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, to replace the deficient hormones. Intravenous fluids are given to correct dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. It is crucial to identify and treat any underlying precipitating factors, like infections. Individuals with adrenal insufficiency are often advised to carry emergency medication and wear medical alert jewelry.