Lipidkontroll

Lipidkontroll refers to the management of blood lipids to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. It encompasses the assessment of lipid levels, identification of dyslipidemia, and the use of lifestyle changes and medication to lower atherogenic lipids and improve overall lipid profiles.

Key lipids assessed include low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol. LDL-C is typically the primary target for reducing cardiovascular risk, with additional goals for non-HDL-C and triglycerides in certain patients. Targets and treatment thresholds are defined by clinical guidelines and vary according to an individual’s risk factors, prior events, and comorbidities.

Assessment and monitoring involve a baseline lipid panel, risk stratification, and regular follow-up to evaluate response to interventions. Measurements may be fasting or non-fasting depending on the lipid parameters being tracked and local practice. Reassessment after starting or adjusting therapy is standard, and monitoring for adverse effects, such as statin-associated muscle symptoms or liver enzyme elevations, is part of lipidkontroll.

Lifestyle measures are foundational and include a heart-healthy diet (for example, reduced saturated fat and trans fat intake, increased fiber, and consideration of plant sterols), regular physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation, and moderated alcohol consumption. These interventions can improve lipid levels and overall cardiovascular risk.

Pharmacotherapy is commonly used when lifestyle changes are insufficient. Statins are typically first-line for most patients. If LDL-C targets are not reached or statins are not tolerated, options include ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and, for severe hypertriglyceridemia, fibrates or omega-3 fatty acids. Treatment is individualized, considering benefits, risks, and patient preferences.

Lipidkontroll aims to reduce cardiovascular events while maintaining safety and quality of life. It is applied in primary and secondary prevention and adapted to specific populations, such as those with familial hypercholesterolemia or pregnancy considerations.