Lipidihäiriö

Lipidihäiriö, also known as dyslipidemia, refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. Lipids are fatty substances that are essential for many bodily functions, including cell structure and hormone production. However, when their levels are too high or too low, it can lead to health problems.

The most common type of lipidihäiriö involves elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often called "bad" cholesterol, can contribute to the buildup of plaque in arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This narrowing of arteries can increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Conversely, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often called "good" cholesterol, are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated triglyceride levels can also contribute to atherosclerosis and, in severe cases, pancreatitis.

Lipidihäiriö can be caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle choices. Family history plays a significant role, as some individuals inherit a predisposition to developing abnormal lipid levels. Lifestyle factors such as a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption can also contribute to or worsen lipidihäiriö. Certain medical conditions, like diabetes and hypothyroidism, can also impact lipid levels.

Diagnosis of lipidihäiriö is typically made through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Treatment strategies depend on the specific type and severity of the lipidihäiriö and may include lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation. In some cases, medication, such as statins, fibrates, or other lipid-lowering drugs, may be prescribed to help manage lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. Regular monitoring of lipid levels is important to assess the effectiveness of treatment and make necessary adjustments.