Ligandnyitott

Ligandnyitott is a Hungarian term used in biochemistry and structural biology to describe the ligand-open state of a protein or complex. This state refers to a conformational arrangement that occurs after ligand binding, in which a pore or channel becomes open or an active site becomes accessible, enabling function such as ion conductance or catalysis. The ligandnyitott state is a key part of the activation mechanism for many biomolecules and is typically discussed in contrast to ligand-closed or apo forms.

In Hungarian-language literature, ligandnyitott is often described with English equivalents such as ligand-open state or ligand-activated open conformation. The concept relates to broader themes of allostery, conformational change, and the induced-fit model, and it is especially relevant for ligand-gated ion channels and allosterically regulated enzymes. Examples include ion channels that open upon binding specific neurotransmitters or metabolites, and enzymes whose active sites become accessible only when a ligand binds.

Studies of the ligandnyitott state employ a range of methods, including electrophysiology to assess functional opening, X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to visualize conformational changes, and spectroscopic or fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques to monitor dynamics. The term is more common in Hungarian sources and may be used alongside direct translations.

See also: ligand-gated ion channel, allostery, conformational change, activation, induced fit.