Leiomiómák

Leiomiómák, commonly known as fibroids, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus, called the myometrium. They are extremely common, particularly in women of reproductive age, with estimates suggesting that a significant percentage of women will develop at least one fibroid during their lifetime. The exact cause of leiomiómák is not fully understood, but it is believed that hormones, specifically estrogen and progesterone, play a role in their growth. Genetics and lifestyle factors may also contribute.

The symptoms associated with leiomiómák can vary widely depending on their size, number, and location within the uterus. Some women experience no symptoms at all and their fibroids are discovered incidentally during routine medical examinations. However, common symptoms can include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, irregular menstrual cycles, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, and pain during sexual intercourse. In some cases, large fibroids can affect fertility or cause complications during pregnancy.

Diagnosis of leiomiómák typically involves a pelvic examination, often followed by imaging techniques such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms and the individual's health status. For asymptomatic fibroids or those causing mild symptoms, a period of watchful waiting may be recommended. For more bothersome symptoms, medical treatments such as hormonal therapy or medications to manage bleeding may be prescribed. Surgical interventions, including myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), are also options for women with significant symptoms or when other treatments are not effective.