Laständerung

Laständerung is a term used in electrical engineering and power systems to describe the change in electrical load observed on a network or a particular component. It covers variations caused by turning devices on or off, changes in industrial processes, demand-response actions, or the connection and disconnection of distributed generation. The concept is often employed in planning, operation, and protection to describe how the load level at a node evolves over time.

The magnitude and rate of change (laständerungsrate) of the load influence several dynamic and steady-state phenomena in power systems. Rapid load changes can lead to transient voltage fluctuations, increased thermal stress on equipment, and short-circuit current variations, which in turn affect protection coordination and stability. Conversely, slower changes primarily affect the steady-state operating point and economic dispatch. Protective relays and switchgear are designed to accommodate expected load transients to avoid unnecessary trips while ensuring safety.

Modeling typically represents laständerung as time-dependent load injections or as step changes within dynamic simulations. Load models may use constant impedance, constant current, or more complex representations with exponential recovery, applied to prescribed load profiles or specific switching events to study system response.

Applications of the concept include system planning, reliability assessment, stability studies, and demand-response analysis. Related terms include Lastwechsel (load switching), Lastgang (load profile), and load dynamics. The term is descriptive and context-dependent, with no single universal definition across all literature; specifics vary with network, equipment, and study objectives.