Langerlinjer

Langerlinjer, commonly translated as Langer's lines or lines of cleavage, are anatomical lines in the skin that reflect the preferred orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis. They tend to run in directions aligned with the underlying musculature and connective tissue and are associated with lines of least resistance in the skin. In medicine, these lines have been used to guide surgical incisions because incisions made parallel to them historically heal with less scarring and better cosmetic outcomes.

The concept originates from the work of the German anatomist Karl Langer in the 19th century, and it has since influenced plastic, dermatologic, and general surgery. However, the exact orientation of Langerlinjer varies across body regions and between individuals, and the skin is a dynamic tissue subject to change with age, stretching, and muscle activity.

In clinical practice, Langerlinien should be regarded as a useful guide rather than a fixed map. Surgeons assess tension and skin behavior by palpating and gently stretching the skin, tailoring incisions and flap designs to the specific patient and region. Some areas may deviate from classic line directions, and visible wrinkles or scars do not always correspond to the underlying cleavage lines. Modern planning often combines the concept with measurements of regional skin tension and elasticity to optimize wound healing and cosmetic result.