Lamppu

Lamppu is the Finnish word for a lamp or light bulb, a device that produces light for illumination. In Finnish usage, lamppu most often refers to a replaceable electric light source, such as an incandescent bulb, a fluorescent lamp, or an LED bulb, but the term can also denote entire luminaires or fixtures in colloquial use. A typical lamp consists of a light source (filament, gas discharge, or semiconductor), an envelope to protect the inner components, and electrical contacts or a base to connect to a power supply. Some lamps are designed as tubes or compact capsules; others are integrated into fixtures.

Historically, illumination relied on oil or gas lamps before electricity. Electric incandescent lamps, improved by Thomas Edison and others in the late 19th century, became widespread in households.

In the 20th century fluorescent lamps broadened lighting efficiency, and in the 21st century LED lamps largely supplanted older technologies due to higher efficiency and versatile form factors. Modern lamps include traditional bulbs, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), halogen lamps, and LED-based lamps. Smart lamps connect over wireless networks, enabling remote control and automation.

Energy efficiency and safety standards govern lamp design and labeling in many countries; in the European Union, energy labeling and mercury content rules apply to certain lamp types. Disposal varies by technology, with fluorescent lamps requiring careful handling due to mercury, while LEDs have long lifespans and lower environmental impact.