Laminats

Laminats, commonly known as laminates, are engineered surface materials used to cover countertops, furniture, cabinetry, and interior walls. They are produced by bonding multiple layers under heat and pressure to form a durable, decorative sheet that can imitate wood, stone, or solid colors.

High-pressure laminates (HPL) comprise a decorative paper layer impregnated with melamine resin, a core of kraft papers impregnated with phenolic resin, and a clear protective overlay, all pressed together and bonded to a substrate such as particleboard or plywood. Low-pressure laminates (LPL), including melamine-faced boards, are thinner and produced at lower pressure, typically applied directly to flat panels. Compact laminates are a thicker variant designed for vertical or high-use surfaces and can be used without a separate substrate in some constructions.

Key advantages include durability, scratch and stain resistance, ease of cleaning, and a wide range of patterns and textures at relatively low cost. Limitations include edge moisture sensitivity if not properly sealed, limited heat tolerance, and the potential for damage that is difficult to repair; damaged areas often require replacement of the laminate surface. Resins used may emit volatile compounds during curing, though modern formulations often have low emissions.

Historically, decorative laminates gained popularity in the early to mid-20th century, with Formica and similar brands helping establish widespread use in kitchens and furniture.