Laktamaz

Laktamaz is a term that can refer to several different enzymes involved in the breakdown of lactose. The most common and medically significant enzyme is lactase, also known as beta-galactosidase. This enzyme is primarily produced in the small intestine of mammals, including humans, where it hydrolyzes the disaccharide lactose into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. These simpler sugars are then readily absorbed into the bloodstream.

Lactase deficiency is a condition where the body does not produce enough lactase enzyme. This leads to undigested lactose in the small intestine, which then passes into the large intestine. Here, bacteria ferment the lactose, producing gas and other byproducts that can cause symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence. This condition is often referred to as lactose intolerance.

There are different types of lactase deficiency. Primary lactase deficiency, also known as adult-onset lactase deficiency, is the most common form and is genetically determined. It typically manifests in childhood or adulthood. Secondary lactase deficiency can occur due to damage to the intestinal lining, such as from infections, celiac disease, or Crohn's disease. Congenital lactase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder where infants are born with little or no lactase activity.

The presence and activity of lactase are crucial for the digestion of dairy products. Individuals with lactase deficiency may need to limit or avoid lactose-containing foods or use lactase enzyme supplements to aid digestion.