Laevakütus

Laevakütus, also known as marine fuel or bunker fuel, refers to any fuel oil intended for use by ships. The most common type of laevakütus is heavy fuel oil (HFO), a residual fuel derived from crude oil. HFO is a viscous, dark, and relatively inexpensive fuel that is well-suited for the large, low-speed diesel engines typically found in cargo ships and tankers. Its high sulfur content, however, has led to environmental concerns and the implementation of stricter regulations regarding its use.

Other types of laevakütus include marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO), which are distillate fuels. These are cleaner-burning than HFO and are often used in smaller vessels, ferries, and cruise ships, or in areas with strict emission controls. The choice of laevakütus depends on factors such as engine type, vessel size, operational requirements, and regulatory compliance.

The bunkering process, the transfer of fuel to a ship, is a critical operation in maritime logistics. Due to the large volumes of fuel involved, safety and environmental protection are paramount during bunkering. The industry is continuously evolving, with a growing interest in alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), methanol, and ammonia, driven by the need to reduce emissions and comply with international environmental standards. The global demand for laevakütus is closely linked to international trade and shipping volumes.