LDLkolesterool

LDLkolesterool, commonly written as LDL cholesterol, is a lipoprotein particle that transports cholesterol through the bloodstream. It is one of the main carriers of cholesterol to tissues and is derived from very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism. Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease because LDL particles can deposit cholesterol in arterial walls and promote plaque formation.

LDL-C is typically reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) in the United States or millimoles per liter (mmol/L) elsewhere. Guidelines describe target levels based on overall cardiovascular risk. In many adults, an LDL-C level below 100 mg/dL is considered desirable; levels above 130–160 mg/dL are associated with higher risk, with lower targets for high-risk individuals. Direct measurement or calculation using the Friedewald formula may be used; LDL can also be measured directly if triglycerides are elevated or non-fasting samples are used.

Factors that influence LDL cholesterol include genetics (notably familial hypercholesterolemia), diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, obesity, physical inactivity, age, diabetes, and smoking. LDL levels can be affected by liver function and certain medications as well.

Management focuses on reducing LDL-C to lower cardiovascular risk. Primary strategies are lifestyle changes, including a heart-healthy diet rich in fibre, plant sterols, regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding tobacco. If LDL-C remains above target, medications such as statins are commonly prescribed; other options include ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and bile acid sequestrants. In severe inherited forms, LDL apheresis may be used. Risk assessment and sometimes non-HDL cholesterol or apoB measurements guide therapy decisions.