L298N

The L298N is a popular dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit used in robotics and electronics projects. It allows a microcontroller to control the direction and speed of two DC motors independently. The L298N can handle a significant amount of current, typically up to 2 amps per channel, and operates at voltages from 5 to 35 volts.

Each H-bridge configuration within the L298N consists of four transistors that can be switched in a way to reverse the polarity of the voltage applied to a motor. This allows for forward, reverse, and braking (shorting the motor terminals) functionalities. Speed control is achieved by applying a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to the enable pins of the L298N.

The L298N is commonly found on breakout boards that simplify its integration into projects. These boards usually include screw terminals for motor connections, header pins for microcontroller control signals, and often a voltage regulator for powering the logic circuitry from the motor supply. Care must be taken to properly heat sink the L298N, especially when driving motors at higher currents, to prevent overheating. Its affordability and ease of use have made it a staple for hobbyists and educational purposes.