Hbridge
An H-bridge is a four-switch arrangement that enables current to flow through a DC motor or other load in either direction. The switches are arranged in an “H” shape with the load forming the crossbar. When one diagonal pair conducts, the current flows through the load in one direction; when the opposite diagonal pair conducts, it flows in the opposite direction. Each switch is typically a transistor (MOSFET, IGBT, or BJT) and is equipped with a flyback diode to handle inductive kick. Pulse-width modulation is commonly used to control motor speed, while reversing direction is achieved by swapping which switches are on. Braking can be accomplished by shorting the motor terminals or applying a braking state to the switches.
Implementation often uses high-side and low-side switches. Using N-channel MOSFETs on both sides requires a gate
Applications and considerations: H-bridges are widely used for bidirectional control of DC motors in robotics, automation,