Külmetuma

Külmetuma, also known as hypothermia, is a medical condition characterized by a dangerously low body temperature. It occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a progressive drop in core body temperature. This condition can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Hypothermia is typically classified into three stages: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild hypothermia occurs when the body temperature drops to between 32°C and 35°C (90°F and 95°F). Symptoms may include shivering, confusion, and slurred speech. Moderate hypothermia ranges from 28°C to 32°C (82°F to 90°F), with symptoms such as drowsiness, disorientation, and slow heart rate. Severe hypothermia, below 28°C (82°F), can lead to unconsciousness, irregular heartbeat, and even cardiac arrest.

The primary cause of hypothermia is prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, often in environments where proper clothing and shelter are lacking. Other risk factors include alcohol consumption, certain medications, and underlying health conditions such as diabetes or heart disease.

Treatment for hypothermia involves rewarming the body gradually to prevent tissue damage. This can be achieved through various methods, including warm blankets, heating pads, and warm fluids. In severe cases, medical intervention may be necessary, including the use of heating devices or intravenous fluids.

Prevention of hypothermia involves dressing appropriately for the weather, staying dry, and avoiding alcohol and certain medications that can impair the body's ability to regulate temperature. In situations where hypothermia is a risk, such as outdoor activities in cold weather, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms and to seek medical attention if necessary.