Kõrgvererõhutõbi

Kõrgvererõhutõbi, also known as hypertension, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number, representing the pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (the lower number, representing the pressure when the heart rests between beats). A diagnosis of kõrgvererõhutõbi is typically made when blood pressure readings are consistently above 130/80 mmHg.

The causes of kõrgvererõhutõbi can be broadly categorized into primary (essential) and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension has no identifiable underlying medical cause and is believed to develop gradually over many years due to a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including diet, weight, age, and physical activity. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, is caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, thyroid problems, or certain medications.

Kõrgvererõhutõbi is often referred to as a "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms in its early stages. However, if left untreated, it can significantly increase the risk of serious health problems, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, vision loss, and heart attack. Management of kõrgvererõhutõbi usually involves lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol intake, and quitting smoking. In many cases, medication is also prescribed to help lower blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for individuals diagnosed with this condition.