Káries

Káries, also known as dental caries, is a common oral health condition characterized by the destruction of tooth structure due to the action of acids produced by oral bacteria. The primary cause of káries is the consumption of sugars and starches, which bacteria in the mouth convert into acids. These acids demineralize the tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities. Káries can affect both primary (baby) teeth and permanent teeth, and it is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide.

The progression of káries involves several stages. Initially, the enamel is softened, and small pits or lesions may appear. As the condition worsens, these lesions can deepen and extend into the dentin, the layer beneath the enamel. If left untreated, káries can progress to the pulp, the innermost layer of the tooth, potentially leading to toothache, infection, and even tooth loss.

Prevention and treatment of káries are crucial for maintaining oral health. Regular dental check-ups and cleanings can help detect and address early signs of káries. Proper oral hygiene, including brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily, is essential for preventing the onset of káries. Dietary modifications, such as reducing sugar intake and maintaining a balanced diet, also play a significant role in preventing káries. Treatment options for káries range from simple fillings to more complex procedures like crowns or root canals, depending on the severity of the condition. Early intervention can often prevent the need for more extensive and costly treatments.