Kvalitet

Kvalitet is a term used in Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish to denote the degree to which something meets its requirements and expectations. In a general sense, kvalitet refers to the inherent characteristics of a product or service that satisfy stated or implied needs. Quality can be viewed as fitness for use and conformance to specifications, encompassing both objective attributes such as durability and reliability and subjective aspects such as aesthetics and usability.

Etymology and usage: The word derives from Latin qualitas via Old French qualité and entered Scandinavian languages with forms kvalitet (and related spellings). In everyday use it covers many domains, including manufacturing, services, software, education, and healthcare.

In practice, kvalitet is assessed through quality management concepts. Quality assurance focuses on preventing defects by planning and process controls, while quality control involves inspection and testing of outputs. Standards such as the ISO 9000 family define quality management systems and terminology. Quality dimensions commonly cited include performance, reliability, durability, safety, conformance, serviceability, and perceived quality.

Frameworks such as Total Quality Management, Six Sigma, and Lean emphasize continuous improvement and customer satisfaction. In software and IT, kvalitet relates to functionality, usability, reliability, performance, and security, often measured with metrics and testing.

Limitations and debates: The concept remains partly subjective, varying by context, domain, and stakeholder expectations. It also involves trade-offs with cost and schedule, since higher quality may require greater resources.