Frameworks

A software framework is a reusable, semi-complete application skeleton that provides a standard way to build and deploy software. It typically includes libraries, templates, and development tools that enforce architectural patterns and reduce boilerplate by guiding the structure of an application.

Frameworks differ from libraries in that they define the overall flow of control. They implement the Hollywood principle, telling developers where to plug in code and what to implement. They typically address concerns such as routing, data access, authentication, user interface, and testing.

Common categories include web frameworks (for example Django, Ruby on Rails, Spring, Laravel, Angular, Vue.js), mobile and desktop frameworks, and data-processing frameworks. Frameworks can be described as opinionated or unopinionated, and as full-stack or micro frameworks, depending on how much they provide out of the box.

Benefits include faster development, architectural consistency, built-in security features, and a large ecosystem of plugins and extensions. Drawbacks can include a steeper learning curve, reduced flexibility, potential vendor lock-in, and overhead from the framework itself.

Choosing a framework depends on project requirements, language, team expertise, and long-term maintenance expectations. It is important to assess compatibility with existing systems, ecosystem maturity, and the availability of long-term support and community contributions.