Kuulmisvahemik

Kuulmisvahemik is an Estonian term used in audiology to describe the range of frequencies over which a person can hear or, in audiometric practice, the pattern of hearing thresholds across frequencies. The word combines kuulmis (hearing) and vahemik (interval or range). In clinical use, kuulmisvahemik is often illustrated on an audiogram, a graph that plots the softest audible tone (threshold) at standard frequencies, typically from about 250 Hz to 8 kHz.

Measurement and interpretation of the kuulmisvahemik relies on pure-tone audiometry. A person’s hearing thresholds are determined at several discrete frequencies, and the resulting data show how sensitivity changes across the spectrum. This information helps classify hearing loss by degree (mild, moderate, severe), type (conductive, sensorineural, or mixed), and configuration (for example, flat, sloping, or high-frequency loss). The presence of a marked gap or specific patterns in the kuulmisvahemik can indicate particular etiologies or implications for treatment.

Causes and risk factors for changes in the kuulmisvahemik include aging (presbycusis), noise exposure, ototoxic medications, infections, and genetic or congenital factors. Environmental and health factors such as cardiovascular status, metabolic conditions, and trauma can also influence the hearing spectrum.

Management aims to optimize communication by addressing the hearing gap reflected in the kuulmisvahemik. Approaches include amplification with hearing aids, cochlear implants for severe cases, assistive listening devices, and rehabilitative strategies such as auditory training and communication techniques.