Kurzistor

A kurzistor, also known as a spark gap, is a type of electrical switch that operates by means of an electrical arc. It is commonly used in high-voltage applications, such as in lightning arresters, surge protectors, and certain types of electrical power distribution systems. The kurzistor consists of two electrodes separated by a small gap, typically filled with a gas or a mixture of gases. When the voltage across the electrodes exceeds a certain threshold, the gas in the gap ionizes, creating a conductive path for the current. This results in a spark that allows the current to flow, effectively closing the switch.

The operation of a kurzistor is based on the principle of electrical breakdown, where the gas in the gap undergoes a phase transition from an insulating state to a conducting state. The breakdown voltage is determined by the type of gas used, the pressure of the gas, and the geometry of the electrodes. Once the current starts to flow, the heat generated by the arc can cause further ionization, maintaining the conductive path and allowing the current to continue flowing.

Kurzistors are valued for their simplicity, reliability, and ability to handle high voltages and currents. However, they are also known for their limited lifespan and the potential for erosion of the electrodes due to the repeated arcing. To mitigate these issues, kurzistors are often designed with mechanisms to interrupt the arc once the desired current has been allowed to flow, such as using a quenching gas or a mechanical switch. Despite these limitations, kurzistors remain an important component in various electrical and electronic systems.