Kropskomposition

Kropskomposition, commonly translated as body composition, refers to the relative proportions of the body's tissues and compartments, including adipose tissue, lean tissue, bone mineral content, and total body water. It provides information beyond overall body weight and body mass index by describing how weight is distributed among energy-storing fat and metabolically active tissues.

Components and variation: Body fat exists as essential fat and storage fat. Lean mass includes muscles, organs, connective tissue, and bodily fluids. Together with bone mineral content and water, these components determine the body's total composition. Composition varies with sex, age, genetics, physical activity, nutrition, and hormonal status.

Measurement methods: Common techniques include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold thickness, hydrostatic weighing, and air displacement plethysmography. DXA and MRI provide detailed compartment data; BIA is rapid and portable but sensitive to hydration and other factors; skinfolds require skilled technicians and may be less accurate in certain populations.

Applications: In medicine, sports science, and nutrition, body composition is used to assess nutritional status, disease risk, and the effectiveness of interventions. It helps in monitoring obesity, sarcopenia, cachexia, and athletic conditioning, and informs strategies to reduce fat while preserving or increasing lean mass.

Modifying composition: Changes result from energy balance, macronutrient intake, and physical activity. Resistance training and adequate protein intake support gains in lean mass and help preserve it during fat loss. Programs should prioritize composition outcomes alongside weight.