Kraton

Kraton is a Javanese term referring to the royal palace and the surrounding court complex of a local ruler. In Indonesia, it most commonly denotes the palatial seats of the sultans in Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Solo), where the kraton functions as both a residence and the ceremonial center of the royal court. The word is used in Javanese and Indonesian language to describe the palace as a living institution and a symbol of cultural heritage.

A kraton typically comprises walled precincts that include the sultan's residence, audience halls, administrative offices, pavilions, and spaces for ritual and performances. Common architectural elements reflect traditional Javanese design, such as open pavilions (pendopo), carved wooden structures, and ornate gateways. The complex often houses royal regalia, archives, and a museum, as well as spaces for gamelan ensembles, court ceremonies, and religious activities.

Historically, kraton were the political and cultural centers of Javanese kingdoms, especially during the Mataram era and the subsequent sultanates. Today many kraton retain ceremonial roles and continue to preserve and promote Javanese court culture, dress, music, and etiquette, while governance and public administration have moved to the provincial and municipal levels. The palaces are regarded as important cultural heritage sites and major tourist attractions.

Public access varies by site; some parts are open as museums or cultural venues, offering guided tours and exhibitions, while certain areas remain private. Preservation efforts are undertaken by the royal households, regional governments, and cultural organizations to maintain traditional practices and scholars' archives.