Kraters

Kraters are large ancient Greek ceramic vessels primarily used for mixing wine with water during symposium gatherings. The term comes from the Greek kratēr, meaning “mixing bowl.” In archaeological contexts, kraters refer to a class of large vases dating from the 6th to 4th centuries BCE, often decorated and used at banquets.

Form and function: A krater typically has a wide mouth, a broad body, and two handles on opposite sides, though some variants feature three handles or a more complex profile. The design allowed wine to be poured from the mixing bowl into smaller drinking vessels, usually kylikes, for serving to guests. The size and shape of kraters varied by region and period, reflecting evolving aesthetics and social practices.

Types and decoration: Several principal shapes are recognized, including the bell krater (bell-shaped body with heavy shoulders), volute krater (handles with volute scrolls), and calyx krater (a rim and lower body that resemble a calyx). Kraters were commonly decorated with scenes in black-figure or red-figure painting, often depicting mythological narratives, athletic or daily life topics, and activities related to symposium culture. Artist signatures and workshop associations are sometimes found on these vessels.

Context and significance: Kraters held a central place in ancient Greek social ritual, serving as the focal point for wine service, conversation, and display of artistic skill. They were produced across Attica and other Greek regions, and numerous examples are preserved in museums, valued for both their aesthetic qualities and insights into ancient dining practices.