Kraftstyring

Kraftstyring refers to the planning, control, and optimization of electrical power generation, transmission, and consumption to maintain reliable and efficient operation of an electric power system. It involves balancing supply and demand, maintaining system frequency, controlling voltage levels, and ensuring safe operation.

The field combines hardware and software, including energy management systems (EMS), supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, and distribution management systems (DMS). It relies on sensors, meters, and communication networks to monitor grid conditions and to trigger control actions. Modern kraftstyring is implemented within smart grids, with integration of renewable energy sources, energy storage, and demand response.

Control approaches range from centralized EMS-based optimization to decentralized local controllers and hierarchical schemes. Techniques include automatic generation control, economic dispatch, voltage regulation, and demand-side management. Communication standards and data analytics enable real-time decision-making and predictive maintenance.

Industrial and utility applications include grid operation, integration of wind and solar power, microgrids, and large facilities that need internal power balancing. It supports market operations such as capacity commitments and ancillary services.

Challenges include volatility from renewables, cyber security, data quality, and the need for scalable architectures as distributed energy resources grow. Research focuses on advanced optimization, machine learning, and resilience.