Korroosiona

Korroosiona is a term encountered in Estonian-language discussions of materials science to denote the process and phenomena associated with corrosion. The term is derived from korroosion (corrosion) with a nominal suffix that forms a concept or process name. In practice, korroosiona covers the deterioration of materials caused by chemical or electrochemical reactions with their environment.

Typical mechanisms include uniform corrosion, galvanic corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular attack, and stress corrosion cracking. Key factors influencing korroosiona are the environment (humidity, temperature, salinity), the presence of electrolytes, oxygen availability, metal or alloy composition, protective coatings, and design details that affect exposure and transport of corrosive species.

Measurement and evaluation of korroosiona often rely on quantifying the corrosion rate, expressed as millimeters per year or micrometers per year, and on methods such as weight loss measurements and electrochemical techniques like potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The field also uses standardized tests to compare materials under specific environmental conditions.

Prevention and control strategies include selecting corrosion-resistant materials, applying protective coatings, employing cathodic protection, using corrosion inhibitors, implementing corrosion-resilient design, and controlling the operating environment. Applications span civil and marine engineering, oil and gas, automotive, and electronics where material durability is essential.

Etymology and usage: korroosiona is used mainly in Estonian-language literature to refer to corrosion-related phenomena, though formal standards may prefer korroosion or korroosioon in other languages. See also corrosion, corrosion engineering, and materials degradation.