Koronária

Koronária is a term derived from the Latin coronaria, commonly used to denote the coronary arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle (myocardium). In human anatomy the principal coronary vessels arise from the base of the aorta and branch into the left and right coronary arteries; the left main divides into the left anterior descending (LAD) and the circumflex artery, while the right coronary artery (RCA) supplies the right heart and parts of the conduction system in most individuals.

Functionally, coronary arteries deliver nutrients and oxygen necessary for myocardial contraction and sustain electrical conduction. Their patency is critical for cardiac performance and systemic circulation. Pathological narrowing or occlusion, most often from atherosclerotic plaque, underlies coronary artery disease (CAD) and can cause ischemia, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

Clinical assessment of coronary disease commonly includes history, electrocardiography, cardiac biomarkers, noninvasive imaging (stress testing, echocardiography, CT coronary angiography) and invasive coronary angiography. Management ranges from primary prevention and medical therapy—risk factor modification, antiplatelet agents, statins, beta-blockers and nitrates—to revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) when indicated. Anatomical variants and congenital coronary anomalies are recognized and may have distinct clinical implications. Prevention emphasizes control of modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and sedentary lifestyle.