Kolecystektomia

Kolecystektomia is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. This procedure is most commonly performed due to gallstones that are causing pain or other complications. Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder, a small organ located beneath the liver. When these stones block the bile ducts, they can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), pancreatitis, or jaundice.

There are two main types of cholecystectomy: laparoscopic and open. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common method. It involves making several small incisions in the abdomen through which a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted. The surgeon views the procedure on a monitor. Open cholecystectomy requires a larger incision in the abdomen to directly access and remove the gallbladder. This approach is typically used in more complex cases or when laparoscopic surgery is not feasible.

Most individuals can live a normal life without a gallbladder. Bile produced by the liver will simply flow directly into the small intestine instead of being stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Some people may experience changes in digestion, such as diarrhea, especially after consuming fatty foods, but this often improves over time or can be managed with dietary adjustments. The decision to undergo a cholecystectomy is made by a healthcare professional in consultation with the patient, weighing the risks and benefits of the surgery against the symptoms and potential complications of gallstones.