Knochenrückgang

Knochenrückgang, also known as bone loss or osteoporosis, refers to a condition where the density and quality of bone are reduced. This makes bones weaker and more likely to fracture. It is a progressive skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased fragility.

The primary cause of bone loss is an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone, while osteoblasts build new bone. When bone resorption outpaces bone formation, bone mass decreases. Several factors contribute to this imbalance, including aging, hormonal changes (especially in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen), nutritional deficiencies (particularly calcium and vitamin D), certain medical conditions (like hyperthyroidism or celiac disease), and long-term use of some medications (such as corticosteroids).

Osteoporosis is often called a silent disease because it typically has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist. These fractures can lead to significant pain, disability, and reduced quality of life.

Diagnosis is usually made through a bone mineral density (BMD) test, commonly a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Prevention and management strategies focus on adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and in some cases, medication to slow bone loss or stimulate bone growth.